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01.09.2011., četvrtak

Rolled Steel Rings


Rolled steel rings - Harry winston diamond engagement rings - Promise ring sets


rolled steel rings







    rolled steel
  • The sum total of all end products to emerge from rolling mills.





    rings
  • Each of a series of resonant or vibrating sounds signaling an incoming telephone call

  • A telephone call

  • An act of causing a bell to sound, or the resonant sound caused by this

  • (ring) a characteristic sound; "it has the ring of sincerity"

  • (ring) sound loudly and sonorously; "the bells rang"

  • gymnastic apparatus consisting of a pair of heavy metal circles (usually covered with leather) suspended by ropes; used for gymnastic exercises; "the rings require a strong upper body"











rolled steel rings - The 2011


The 2011 Report on Seamless Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel Rolled-Ring Forgings Made from Purchased Iron and Steel Excluding Stainless and High-Temperature Forgings: World Market Segmentation by City



The 2011 Report on Seamless Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel Rolled-Ring Forgings Made from Purchased Iron and Steel Excluding Stainless and High-Temperature Forgings: World Market Segmentation by City





This report was created for global strategic planners who cannot be content with traditional methods of segmenting world markets. With the advent of a "borderless world", cities become a more important criteria in prioritizing markets, as opposed to regions, continents, or countries. This report covers the top 2000 cities in over 200 countries. It does so by reporting the estimated market size (in terms of latent demand) for each major city of the world. It then ranks these cities and reports them in terms of their size as a percent of the country where they are located, their geographic region (e.g. Africa, Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America, Latin America), and the total world market.

In performing various economic analyses for its clients, I have been occasionally asked to investigate the market potential for various products and services across cities. The purpose of the studies is to understand the density of demand within a country and the extent to which a city might be used as a point of distribution within its region. From an economic perspective, however, a city does not represent a population within rigid geographical boundaries. To an economist or strategic planner, a city represents an area of dominant influence over markets in adjacent areas. This influence varies from one industry to another, but also from one period of time to another.

In what follows, I summarize the economic potential for the world's major cities for "seamless carbon steel and alloy steel rolled-ring forgings made from purchased iron and steel excluding stainless and high-temperature forgings" for the year 2011. The goal of this report is to report my findings on the real economic potential, or what an economist calls the latent demand, represented by a city when defined as an area of dominant influence. The reader needs to realize that latent demand may or may not represent real sales.






80% (10)










1914 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost wooden coachwork Franklin Mint rear right 2




1914 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost wooden coachwork Franklin Mint rear right 2







In 1884, Henry Royce started an electrical and mechanical business. He made his first car, a two-cylinder Royce 10, in his Manchester factory in 1904, and was introduced to Charles Rolls at the Midland Hotel in Manchester on 4 May of that year. Rolls was proprietor of an early motor car dealership, C.S.Rolls & Co. in Fulham.
In spite of his preference for three or four cylinder cars, Rolls was impressed with the Royce 10, and in a subsequent agreement of 23 December 1904 agreed to take all the cars Royce could make.
During 1906 Henry Royce had been developing an improved six cylinder model with more power than the 30hp. Initially designated the 40/50hp, this was the company's first all-new model. In March 1908 Claude Johnson, Commercial Managing Director and sometimes described as the hyphen in Rolls-Royce, succeeded in persuading Royce and the other directors that Rolls-Royce should concentrate exclusively on the new model, and all the earlier models were duly discontinued. Later renamed the Silver Ghost, the new car was responsible for the company's early reputation with over 6,000 built. Its chassis was used as a basis for the first British armoured car used in both world wars.Powered with a 454 cubic inch L-head, six-cylinder, side valve engine, the Silver Ghost was a mechanical marvel with its aluminum alloy crankcase and a timing drive and ignition that was driven by gears, not chains. The timing gears were made of phosphor bronze and nickel steel, which were ground and polished by hand. The crankshaft itself was ground to an accuracy of .025 on its bearing surfaces and then hand polished to remove any minute scratches left by the grinder. The result was an automobile that ran in complete silence without a puff of smoke – a feat that could not be matched at the time and has never been duplicated since.In 1906, Rolls-Royce produced four chassis to be shown at the Olympia car show, two existing models, a four cylinder 20hp and a six cylinder 30hp, and two examples of a new car designated the 40/50 hp. The 40/50 hp was so new that the show cars were not fully finished and examples were not provided to the press for testing until March 1907.
The car at first had a new side-valve, six-cylinder, 7036 cc engine (7428 cc from 1910) with the cylinders cast in two units of three cylinders each as opposed to the triple two cylinder units on the earlier six. A three speed transmission was fitted at first with four speed units used from 1913. The seven-bearing crankshaft had full pressure lubrication and the centre main bearing was made specially large to remove vibration, essentially splitting the engine into two three cylinder units. Two spark plugs were fitted to each cylinder. The earliest cars had used a trembler coil to produce the spark with a magneto as an optional extra which soon became standard - the instruction was to start the engine on the trembler/battery and then switch to magneto. Continuous development allowed power output to be increased from 48 bhp (36 kW) at 1,250 rpm to 80 bhp (60 kW) at 2,250 rpm. Electric lighting became an option in 1914.
In the golden age of motoring coachbuilders frequently designed cars with bodies that resembles the streamline hulls of boats, “boattails”. However in 1955 two Rolls-Royce enthusiasts discovered the existence of a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost fitted with a boattail body and, not only was the body boat-shaped or boat-tailed, but was, in fact, a wooden boat. The car had been in Egypt and its past was shrouded in mystery. The restorers learned that the car bore the chassis number 54PB which Rolls-Royce records showed to be a 1914 D series model. It had a four-speed gearbox that Rolls-Royce introduced in 1913 and the engine number 45J from the Derby plant. But, for a while, that’s where its history seemed to end – a chassis leaving the Derby plant in 1914 to a buyer in France.
It was discovered during restoration that the body was made by Carrosserie Schebera-Schapiro, a coachbuilder in Berlin. That company was not formed until after World War 1 implying that the car had a different body between 1914 and the end of the war or that it remained a bare chassis until the wooden body was fitted to it.
From its construction in Germany the car ended up with the royal family in Egypt, once owned by the brother of King Faud and later sold by King Farouk. It was next bought by a British officer who ultimately sold it to the two gentlemen responsible for restoring it. Restoration included sanding and varnishing, renickling trim and replacing upholstery. The car had been driven few miles and mechanically only needed new piston rings on the cast-iron pistons.













Fire and steel!




Fire and steel!







J. David Conrad, Chief Mechanical Officer of the Valley Railroad, has lit what I call the Ring of Fire! Doing so he is sweating off the tire of a steam locomotive wheel. Rather than replacing the whole wheel, railroads long ago adopted the method of a separate tire and wheel. The reverse effort must be done to put the tire back on. The tire was heated to 460 degrees in about 30 minutes and came off with a few swings of the mallet. This wheel set if for the Valley's most recent locomotive No. 3025. No. 3025 is the former Knox & Kane Railroad No. 58, a SY 2-8-2 built by China's Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works in July 1989.











rolled steel rings








rolled steel rings




The 2009-2014 World Outlook for Seamless Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel Rolled-Ring Forgings Made from Purchased Iron and Steel Excluding Stainless and High-Temperature Forgings










This econometric study covers the world outlook for seamless carbon steel and alloy steel rolled-ring forgings made from purchased iron and steel excluding stainless and high-temperature forgings across more than 200 countries. For each year reported, estimates are given for the latent demand, or potential industry earnings (P.I.E.), for the country in question (in millions of U.S. dollars), the percent share the country is of the region and of the globe. These comparative benchmarks allow the reader to quickly gauge a country vis-a-vis others. Using econometric models which project fundamental economic dynamics within each country and across countries, latent demand estimates are created. This report does not discuss the specific players in the market serving the latent demand, nor specific details at the product level. The study also does not consider short-term cyclicalities that might affect realized sales. The study, therefore, is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved. This study does not report actual sales data (which are simply unavailable, in a comparable or consistent manner in virtually all of the 230 countries of the world). This study gives, however, my estimates for the worldwide latent demand, or the P.I.E., for seamless carbon steel and alloy steel rolled-ring forgings made from purchased iron and steel excluding stainless and high-temperature forgings. It also shows how the P.I.E. is divided across the world's regional and national markets. For each country, I also show my estimates of how the P.I.E. grows over time (positive or negative growth). In order to make these estimates, a multi-stage methodology was employed that is often taught in courses on international strategic planning at graduate schools of business.










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